Instructions: 1. You may use your book and your lectures and notes; however, this means that I expect that the exam will be well done, so names, dates, places, etc, should be accurate. DO NOT copy my lectures directly into your exam. I can tell: I wrote the lectures! When you cite material from the text, be certain that you quote or paraphrase it, and given credit to the author.
2. You must answer one of the essays and three of the short answers. The essay is worth 55%; each of the short answers is worth 15%. My grading scale runs 100-90 = A, 89-80 = B, and so on. Any grade below a 60 is an F. The essay should be considerably longer than the short answers, but there is no minimum or maximum length for either portion of the exam.
3. This exam is worth 20% of your total grade. Be certain you complete it and submit it. Late exams will not be accepted.
4. Make a copy of the exam as you are taking it, so that in case something happens you have a copy. If you claim that the testing center cut you off midway through, or that you submitted it and I did not receive it, you must have a copy of what you had done. It is crucial that you copy your answers into a file so that you can send them to me via email if necessary. DO NOT send me a copy via email unless I specifically request you to do so.
5. From the time that you log into the testing site, you will have four hours to complete the exam, and all exams must be submitted before 9:00pm on Wednesday, February 16th.
PART I: Short Answers: Answer three (3) of the following questions (15% each):
1. What was the Ulozhenie, and how did it change the structure of Russian society?
2. Who were the Decembrists, and what was their impact on Russia?
3. What was the battle of Kulikovo, and why was it significant?
4. Who was Boris Godunov, and what was the impact of his reign?
5. What was the oprichnina, and what impact did it have on Russian society?
PART II: Essay: Answer one (1) of the following questions (55%):
1. The height of Kievan culture occurred during the reigns of Vladimir and Iaroslav the Wise. What about their reigns was so different from their predecessors, and why were they so crucial for the development of the Russian state?
2. Catherine the Great is often seen as the true heir to Peter the Great. Do you agree with that idea? Why or why not? What about her reign either proves the above thesis or disproves it?
3. Some historians consider the reforms of Alexander II to be the most important changes of the 19th century. What were the reforms, and how did they change Russia?